Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between fast food consumption and incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among children and adolescents over a 3.6 year follow-up. Dietary data of 424 healthy subjects, aged 6–18 years, was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Cook et al criteria. Consumption of fast foods including hamburgers, sausages, bologna (beef), and fried potatoes was calculated and further categorized to quartiles. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate the incidence of MetS and its components in each quartile of fast food intake. The incidence of MetS was 11.3% after a 3.6 year follow up. In the fully adjusted model, compared to the lowest quartile of fast food intake, individuals in the highest had odds ratios of 2.96 (95% CI: 1.02–8.63; P for trend<0.001), 2.82 (95% CI: 1.01–7.87; P for trend = 0.037), and 2.58 (95% CI: 1.01–6.61; P for trend = 0.009) for incidence of MetS, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity, respectively. No significant association was found between fast food intakes and other components of MetS. Fast food consumption is associated with the incidence of MetS, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia in Tehranian children and adolescents.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia [1], which has strong association with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults [2, 3]
This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a prospective community-based study being conducted among a representative urban population of Tehran with the aim of ascertaining the prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors and developing healthier lifestyles [12]
There was no significant difference in baseline anthropometric measurements and biochemical assessments between subjects followed up and those who were lost to follow up
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia [1], which has strong association with the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults [2, 3]. Prevalence and incidence of MetS are increasing rapidly in children and adolescents and become a major public health challenge worldwide [4]. The etiology of the MetS is complex and determined by the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors [5]. Fast Food and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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