Abstract
We investigated the effect of fast food on diurnal lipid and carbohydrate profiles in healthy young Japanese women. Eight healthy young women with the apolipoprotein E3/3 phenotype were studied on two occasions in a randomized crossover design. On one occasion, the subjects consumed common foods at breakfast (9:00), lunch (13:00), and dinner (19:00) (C trial). On the other occasion, they consumed common foods at breakfast and dinner, but they consumed fast food (a cheeseburger, fried potatoes, and cola) at lunch (F trial). Blood samples were taken at 9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00, and 19:00, and at 9:00 the next morning. In the C trial, the serum triglyceride (TG) concentration at 19:00 was significantly lower compared with that at 13:00, but in the F trial, it was significantly higher at 15:00, 17:00, and 19:00 compared with that at 13:00. The incremental area under the curve for TG (ΔAUC-TG) (13:00 to 9:00 the next morning) in the F trial was significantly larger than that in the C trial. The concentration of fasting remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RemL-C) the next morning was positively correlated with ΔAUC-TG (13:00 to 9:00 the next morning). In conclusion, compared with the conventional diet, the intake of fast food at lunch delayed the postprandial TG metabolism and the serum TG concentration did not return to baseline (before lunch) even before dinner in healthy young Japanese women.
Highlights
Fast food refers to food that can be prepared and served quickly by a take-out restaurant
Zilversmit [1] first proposed that postprandial lipoprotein metabolism may be one of the major causes of atherosclerosis, and since several studies have shown that postprandial triglyceride (TG) level is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, even when adjusting for fasting TG
The major finding in this study is that after eating fast food for lunch, serum TG concentration increased after 2 h and did not return to baseline even after 6 h, it did not increase after a lunch consisting of a common, non-fast-food diet was eaten. ∆AUC-TG after lunch until the evening was significantly larger after fast food was eaten compared to the non-fast-food lunch, the effect did not last into the morning
Summary
Fast food refers to food that can be prepared and served quickly by a take-out restaurant. Usually cheap, quite convenient, and tastes good, so it is popular, among young people. Eating too much fast food can lead to serious health problems such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Zilversmit [1] first proposed that postprandial lipoprotein metabolism may be one of the major causes of atherosclerosis, and since several studies have shown that postprandial triglyceride (TG) level is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, even when adjusting for fasting TG and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [2, 3]. In Japan and western countries, the true 'fasting' period is confined to only 2-3 h per day, and most of the day is really spent in a 'postprandial' state [4]
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