Abstract
ObjectiveThe relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of asthma is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and asthma in adults in Qatar.MethodsIn this study, cross-sectional data from the Qatar Biobank were used (n = 986). Participants were Qatari or long-term Qatar residents aged ≥20 years old. A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary intakes. Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary patterns scores and asthma.ResultsAmong 986 eligible participants, 6.6% (n = 65) reported that they were diagnosed with asthma. Three dietary patterns were identified. These were (1) “Traditional” (high intake of rice, chicken/meat/fish, and breads); (2) “Prudent” (high intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish); and (3) “Fast Food/Sweets” (high intake of desserts, fast food, and soft drinks). The fast food/sweet dietary pattern was associated with increased likelihood of having asthma [comparing high vs. low tertile, OR for asthma = 1.25; 95% CI (1.02–1.54); p = 0.035]. Traditional and Prudent dietary patterns were not associated with the prevalence of asthma.ConclusionThe fast food/sweet dietary pattern was directly associated with the prevalence of asthma among adults in Qatar. Reducing the fast foods and sugary-rich foods may be beneficial for respiratory health.
Highlights
Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study, ~0.4 million people died from asthma in 2015 [1]
In this study, we investigated the relation between dietary patterns and asthma using the data from Qatar Biobank (QBB)
We found a significant direct association between consumption of fast food/sweet dietary pattern and the prevalence of asthma using factor analysis
Summary
Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study, ~0.4 million people died from asthma in 2015 [1]. The risk of asthma increases by 50% in every 10 years of a person’s life [2]. Recent evidence suggests that individual food and nutrients are associated with asthma [6,7,8,9,10]. Intakes of dietary antioxidants [5], fiber, fruit and vegetable [11], fish, and omega-3 fatty acids [12] have been shown to be inversely associated with asthma risk. This is more likely due to their anti-inflammatory effects. High intake of fast foods [13] and sodium [11] is directly related to asthma
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