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Abstract
In the process industry, measurement systems are required for process development and optimization, as well as for monitoring and control. The processes often involve multiphase mixtures or flows that can be analyzed using tomography systems, which visualize the spatial material distribution within a certain measurement domain, e.g., a process pipe. In recent years, we studied the applicability of soft-field electromagnetic tomography methods for multiphase flow imaging, focusing on concepts for high-speed data acquisition and image reconstruction. Different non-intrusive electrical impedance and microwave tomography systems were developed at our institute, which are sensitive to the local contrasts of the electrical properties of the materials. These systems offer a very high measurement and image reconstruction rate of up to 1000 frames per second in conjunction with a dynamic range of up to 120 dB. This paper provides an overview of the underlying concepts and recent improvements in terms of sensor design, data acquisition and signal processing. We introduce a generalized description for modeling the electromagnetic behavior of the different sensors based on the finite element method (FEM) and for the reconstruction of the electrical property distribution using the Gauss–Newton method and Newton’s one-step error reconstructor (NOSER) algorithm. Finally, we exemplify the applicability of the systems for different measurement scenarios. They are suitable for the analysis of rapidly-changing inhomogeneous scenarios, where a relatively low spatial resolution is sufficient.
Highlights
In the process industry, the analysis of multiphase mixtures and flows is an important and challenging task for apparatus and process design, as well as for process monitoring and control.This is the basis for safe, efficient and economical production of, e.g., oil and gas, chemicals or pharmaceuticals
This paper focuses on the microwave tomography (MWT) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) methods, which enable one to determine an approximation of the cross-sectional distribution of electrical properties—electrical conductivity and permittivity—based on measurements of the electromagnetic fields at the boundary of the measurement domain
We examined the applicability of the frequency-modulated continuous waves (FMCW) network analysis technique [30] for multiport
Summary
The analysis of multiphase mixtures and flows is an important and challenging task for apparatus and process design, as well as for process monitoring and control. This is the basis for safe, efficient and economical production of, e.g., oil and gas, chemicals or pharmaceuticals. Several different tomographic methods have been applied for multiphase flow analysis. These include electrical impedance, magnetic induction, microwave, ultrasound, optical, magnetic resonance, X-ray and gamma-ray tomography methods [1,2]
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