Fast and Precise Detection of Internal Short Circuit on Li-Ion Battery

Abstract

Internal Short Circuit (ISC) is a critical safety issue on the Li-Ion Batteries (LIBs) for different applications such as cell-phones, laptops, electrical vehicles and airplanes. Thermal runaway is a consequence of ISC, if the ISC on a LIB is not accurately detected as fast as possible. The ISC on LIB can be modeled by a resistance on the terminal of battery. In the proposed technique, an accurate and fast estimation of short circuit resistance of ISC is derived by calculating the internal resistance of the battery. To reach these goals, two circuits are proposed which can detect the internal short circuit of single-cell LIBs. One of the detection circuits uses a test resistance and a power switch (resistor-based) and the other circuit uses an inductor with the H-bridge (inductor-based) to detect the ISC of LIBs. Moreover, two detection techniques for detecting ISC of multi-cell LIBs are proposed based on the single-cell resistor-based ISC detection technique. As will be shown in the simulation and experimental results, the proposed circuits can accurately detect the ISC of LIB, if measurements of terminal voltages of LIB are precisely obtained.