Abstract
The sparsity and the severe attenuation of millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel imply that highly directional communication is needed. The narrow beam produced by large array requires accurate alignment, which is difficult to achieve when serving fast-moving users. In this paper, we focus on accurate two-dimensional (2D) beam and channel tracking problem aiming at minimizing exploration overhead and tracking error. Using a typical frame structure with periodic exploration and communication, a proven minimum overhead of exploration is provided first. Then tracking algorithms are designed for three types of channels with different dynamic properties. It is proved that the algorithms for quasi-static channels and channels in Dynamic Case I are optimal in approaching the minimum Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The computational complexity of our algorithms is analyzed showing their efficiency, and simulation results verify their advantages in both tracking error and tracking speed.
Highlights
Millimeter-wave mobile communication is currently a hot topic due to its much wider bandwidth compared with the sub-6GHz spectrum
We focus on the design of the optimal EBVs and the accurate single-path tracking algorithms based on 2D phased antenna array
We summarize the main contributions of this paper as below: 1) Based on a reasonable EBV constraint, it is proved that the minimum exploration overhead counted by the number of exploring directions is q = 3, for a unique solution of the 2D beam direction and the channel gain within only one ECC, while simple extension from 1D to 2D tracking will need q = 4
Summary
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) mobile communication is currently a hot topic due to its much wider bandwidth compared with the sub-6GHz spectrum. In the communication stage of each ECC, the beam is aligned in the current estimated direction, and the current estimated channel gain will be used for the subsequent process Based on this structure, the following questions are to be answered: 1) What is the minimum exploration overhead q in each. Following these questions, we summarize the main contributions of this paper as below: 1) Based on a reasonable EBV constraint, it is proved that the minimum exploration overhead counted by the number of exploring directions is q = 3, for a unique solution of the 2D beam direction and the channel gain within only one ECC, while simple extension from 1D to 2D tracking will need q = 4. In the communication stage of each ECC, the beam is aligned in current estimated direction, and the current estimated channel gain will be used for the subsequent process
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