Abstract
Since the introduction of the vein graft of Shea for covering the oval window following stapedectomy, several modifications have been presented: the vein plug of Kos, the fat graft of Schuknecht, the cartilage graft of Goodhill, and the absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam) wafer of House. All of these techniques have been found to be useful and successful. So it seems that most autogenous grafts, and even foreign body, are tolerated by the vestibular structures. For ossicular reconstruction, the middle ear structures tolerated equally well the use of stainless steel wire and polyethylene plastics as well as the free autogenous graft. This fact is surprising and seems to be unique, for at the present time no other special sense organ has been found to be so adaptive to operative change without rebellion. Fascia has been used for the past 14 months for the closure of tympanic membrane perforations and total reconstruction
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