Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are characterized as a combination of multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Cardiometabolic diseases are closely associated with cell glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and mitochondrial function. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), a metabolic nuclear receptor, are found to be activated by primary BAs such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA) and synthetic agonists such as obeticholic acid (OCA). FXR plays crucial roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and intestinal microorganism. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that FXR agonists are functional for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases and are considered as a potential therapeutic agent. This review will discuss the pathological mechanism of cardiometabolic disease and reviews the potential mechanisms of FXR agonists in the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
Highlights
Cardiometabolic diseases are reaching epidemic proportions in the world and the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries (Matsuzawa et al, 2011)
This study found that high body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and BF% were strongly associated with hypertension, with individuals with high WC being twice more likely to have hypertension
Intestinal microorganism participates in the pathological process of cardiovascular disease through microbial metabolism
Summary
Cardiometabolic diseases are reaching epidemic proportions in the world and the leading cause of death in both developed and developing countries (Matsuzawa et al, 2011). This study on a mouse model of atherosclerotic disease suggested that loss of Fxr function is associated with decreased survival, increased severity of defects in lipid metabolism, and more extensive aortic plaque formation. NAFLD is frequently associated with an increased risk of CVD and metabolic abnormalities, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis (Adams et al, 2017).
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