Abstract
Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, we analyzed farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas and its influencing factors by binary Logistic regression and cluster analysis of survey data of 190 rural households in Sihe village of Gansu Province of China. The results show that: (1) In Sihe village, farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas was low in general and influenced by their neighbors’ decisions or behaviors. Households willing and unwilling to migrate to urban areas both presented significant spatial agglomeration. (2) The factors influencing farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas were analyzed from six aspects: individual characteristics, family characteristics, residence characteristics, cognitive characteristics, institutions, and constraints. The main influencing factors were found to be age, occupation, number of non-agricultural workers in the family, household cultivated land area, annual household income, house building materials, degree of satisfaction with social pension, homestead and contracted land subsidies, income constraints, and other constraints. (3) Individual heterogeneity and difference in economic basis determined the difference in farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas. Institutions and constraints played different roles in the migration willingness of different groups of farmers (Note: More details on the sample as well as further interpretation and discussion of the surveys are available in the associated research article (“Village-Scale Livelihood Change and the Response of Rural Settlement Land Use: Sihe Village of Tongwei County in Mid-Gansu Loess Hilly Region as an Example” (Ma, L.B.; Liu, S.C.; Niu, Y.W.; Chen, M.M., 2018)).
Highlights
The large-scale rural-to-urban migration in China since 1990s has been attracting the attention of researchers
Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy [35,36]
Among the 190 interviewed rural households, 26% (50 households) had the willingness to migrate to urban areas, 56% (107) had no willingness to migrate to urban areas, 5% (9) were uncertain about migration to urban areas and 13% (24) had never considered about migration to urban areas (Figure 3)
Summary
The large-scale rural-to-urban migration in China since 1990s has been attracting the attention of researchers. At a macro-regional scale, some researchers, based on the “push–pull” hypothesis, have explained the influences of inter-regional forces on population migration and analyzed problems such as the return of migrant workers to rural areas, non-agricultural population changing to agricultural population, and farmers’ bird-like migration [5,6]. On this basis, the main influencing factors of population migration are discussed from regional structural aspects. Public Health 2019, 16, 877; doi:10.3390/ijerph16050877 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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