Abstract
Although exploring the homestead withdrawal (HW) mechanism can optimize the allocation of land resource elements, the livelihood sources of farmers will change and face different sources of risk. Many studies have explored various factors affecting the HW. However, studies simultaneously exploring the relationship among farmers’ internal livelihood capital and external risk prevention capabilities and HW including differences among various HW models are still limited. The present study constructed a simple theoretical framework and used the probit model to analyze the decision-making behavior of 367 farmers in the Jinjiang Pilot in Fujian Province of China. Specifically, this study explored the impact of farmers’ livelihoods including natural, financial, and human capitals and risk expectations. Such risk expectations involve living conditions, social security, residential environment, and psychological conditions on HW in asset replacement, index replacement, and monetary compensation model. The empirical findings indicated that the farmers’ livelihoods and risk expectations have inconsistent effects on farmers’ HW decision-making in all the models, except for risk expectations. In other words, social security and residential environment have a significant inhibitory effect. These results implied that differentiated policies for HW should be considered to enhance the farmer’s sustainable livelihood capacity and controllability of risk.
Highlights
The world’s urban population is expected to increase from 2.6 billion in 2000 to 5 billion in 2030, and the rapid growth of the population has produced a large demand for urban land (Kumar et al, 2021)
A large number of the rural population has poured into cities and towns to become citizens, occupying limited urban land resources (Shan & Feng, 2018)
We explored the differences among the three Homestead withdrawal (HW) models in Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China (Liang & Lin, 2021), as follows: Asset replacement model: Through the transfer of land ownership, the replacement of rural homesteads and high-rise properties occurs in urban planning areas between urban and rural areas
Summary
The world’s urban population is expected to increase from 2.6 billion in 2000 to 5 billion in 2030, and the rapid growth of the population has produced a large demand for urban land (Kumar et al, 2021). The self-sufficient rural villages will be hollowed out by industrial decline, and abandoned land will be evident around the world (Donaldson & Lord, 2018; Loures & Vaz, 2018; Shan & Feng, 2018) This phenomenon is prominent in rural areas of China because of rapid urbanization (Zhou et al, 2020b), highlighting a dilemma between considerable idle rural homesteads and urban land supply (Cao et al, 2019). The phenomena of “multiple houses in one household” and “building new without demolishing the old” are more common in rural than urban areas Problems such as idle and inefficient use of rural homesteads have become prominent (Sun et al, 2018). Exploring the HW mechanism can optimize the allocation of land resource elements and promote rural modernization (Sun et al, 2018), thereby achieving rural revitalization (Zhang et al, 2020)
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