Abstract
Building on farmer’s agroecological knowledge to design environmental-friendly agricultural systems is crucial given the environmental impact of industrial agriculture. We investigated the drivers of farmers’ knowledge of agrobiodiversity management and analyzed how farmers’ knowledge and their current farming contexts may guide future farming systems in sub-humid (Bassila) and semi-arid (Boukoumbé) areas of Benin. We conducted structured interviews with 180 farmers and used generalized linear models and correlation analyses to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of farmers’ knowledge and perception. Land tenure, ecological conditions and sociolinguistic membership were the main drivers of farmers’ knowledge of agroforestry systems, practices, species diversity and current farming systems. Sociolinguistic membership also significantly predicted farmers’ knowledge of livestock management. Farmers in the semi-arid area were more involved in integrated crop-tree-livestock systems than those in the sub-humid area. However, all farmers indicated a willingness to adopt this integrated farming system regardless of socioeconomic and ecological factors. Farmer’s knowledge of agrobiodiversity (crops, agroforestry species and livestock diversity) management was correlated with the involvement in integrated crop-livestock-tree and agroforestry systems. These findings provide insights into how farmers’ knowledge can serve as basis in optimizing agricultural and livelihoods systems. Investigating the ecological, economic and social performance of the most desired integration/diversification options using a system approach involving a co-innovation process can further our mechanistic understanding of farmers decision making process.
Highlights
Building on farmer’s agroecological knowledge to design environmental-friendly agricultural systems is crucial given the environmental impact of industrial agriculture
We addressed the following major questions: (1) What is the influence of ecological differences between areas and socioeconomic factors on farmers’ knowledge of agrobiodiversity management, on farmers’ current farming systems and on their future farming systems’ intention? (2) How does farmers’ knowledge of agrobiodiversity management affect current farming approaches? (3) How does farmers’ current farming context affect their farming systems in the future? We hypothesized that those ecological conditions in which farmers operated and their sociolinguistic and socioeconomic attributes are drivers of farmers’
Farmers’ knowledge of agrobiodiversity management was significantly correlated with the adoption of crop-tree-livestock systems and agroforestry systems, respectively (Figure 2)
Summary
Building on farmer’s agroecological knowledge to design environmental-friendly agricultural systems is crucial given the environmental impact of industrial agriculture. Farmer’s knowledge of agrobiodiversity (crops, agroforestry species and livestock diversity) management was correlated with the involvement in integrated crop-livestock-tree and agroforestry systems. These findings provide insights into how farmers’ knowledge can serve as basis in optimizing agricultural and livelihoods systems. “Industrial or conventional” agriculture is a highly simplified ecosystem in which high productivity depends on a few improved high-yielding crop varieties and a heavy reliance on agrochemical inputs (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides) and fossil fuels [1,2,3,4] This has contributed to the tremendous increase in food production over the past 50 years, this achievement comes with heavy environmental costs [1,3,5,6,7,8]. It is commonly assumed that local people’s agroecological knowledge is used to develop more environmentally-friendly agricultural systems, this is often rarely demonstrated, especially in the West African Sahel and dry savanna zones
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