Abstract
This study employs the multinomial endogenous treatment effect model to examine the effect of flood adaptation strategies on farm households' food security in the Upper East region, Ghana. In addition, an ordered probit model was used to analyse the determinants of household's recovery from flood shocks. Farmers adopt on-farm and non-farm activities as adaptation strategies. Estimation results indicate that farmers that employ on-farm and non-farm strategies had their food security situation improved and recovered faster from flood shocks. Age, education, access to extension, credit, farm size and information on flood occurrence drive the farmer's decision to adopt on-farm practices. Marital status, education, farm size and information on flood occurrence significantly influenced adaptation decisions related to non-farm activities. Other factors that influence household's recovery period from flood events were age, education, FBO and perceived severity of flood. Programs and policies that promote extension contacts, increase awareness on flood occurrences and provide non-farm work opportunities can be beneficial to reduce the adverse effects of floods.
Highlights
The adverse effects of flood events have been widely recognized and documented by policymakers and researchers
The present study extends the literature further to analyse the effect of on-farm and non-farm flood adaptation strategies on farm households' food security using the multinomial endogenous treatment effect (METE) model
This study adopts a multinomial endogenous treatment effect (METE) model to examine the effect of flood adaptation strategies on farm households' food security
Summary
The adverse effects of flood events have been widely recognized and documented by policymakers and researchers. The challenges of widespread poverty, poor infrastructure development and weak adaptive capacity make these economies highly vulnerable to flood events (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014). Projected increases in extreme climate events, are expected to have deleterious impact on the agriculture sector (Adenle et al, 2017; IPCC, 2014), that supports many households across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Evidence points to the fact that climate-related shocks such as floods have significant negative effect on crop yield, food security and the economy (Amouzou et al, 2019; Abrams et al, 2018). It has been reported that, in Africa extreme climate events can reduce the length of growing seasons; which could result in decrease crop yields estimated at 20–50 percent by 2050 (Connolly-Boutin and Smit, 2015; Sarr, 2012)
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