Farklı toprak işleme ve ekim nöbeti sistemleri altında su bütçesi, bazı toprak fiziksel özellikleri ve buğday verimindeki değişimlerin saptanması

Abstract

Bu calismada kuru tarim kosullarinda farkli toprak isleme ve ekim nobeti sistemleri altinda bugday verimi, bazi toprak fiziksel ozellikleri, su butcesi ve su kullanim etkinliginde 10 yil surecinde meydana gelen degisimler incelenmistir. Toprak isleme sistemi olarak toprak islemeli ve islemesiz; ekim nobeti olarak nadas-bugday, mercimek-bugday ve surekli bugday konulari incelenmistir. Az yagisli yilda (2007/2008) bugday verimi, toprak islemesiz sistemde islemeli sisteme gore, nadas-bugday ekim nobeti de diger ekim nobetlerine gore daha yuksek bulunmustur. Normal yagisli yilda ise (2008/2009) bugday verimi, toprak islemesiz nadas-bugday ile toprak islemeli ve islemesiz mercimek-bugday konularinda artarken, yabanci ot sorunu nedeniyle en dusuk verim, islemesiz bugday-bugday konusunda saptanmistir. Su kullanim etkinligi de verimle paralellik gostermistir. Bitki su tuketimi acisindan toprak isleme konulari birbirine yakin cikarken, ekim nobetleri arasinda her 2 yilda da en yuksek bitki su tuketimi nadas-bugday, sonra mercimek-bugday ve en az ise bugday-bugday konusunda belirlenmistir. 0-90 cm’deki toprak nemi ilk yil degismezken, ikinci yilda bazi degisiklikler olmustur. Toprak islemesiz sistem ile toprakta organik madde icerigi artmis ve buna bagli olarak agregat stabilitesi ve infiltrasyon hizinda artis meydana gelmistir. Ikili ekim nobetlerinde organik madde ve agregat stabilitesi nadas-bugdaya gore daha yuksek bulunmustur. Penetrasyon direnci acisindan toprak isleme ve ekim nobeti konulari arasinda birkac deger disinda farklilik bulunmamistir. Hem topragin surdurulebilirligini saglama hem de verim ve ekonomi acisindan degerlendirildiginde, bu calismada toprak islemesiz mercimek-bugday ve toprak islemesiz nadas-bugday uygulamalari diger konulara gore on plana cikmistir.Abstract The changes in wheat yield, some soil physical properties, water budget and water use efficiency were investigated after 10-years of experiment, under different tillage and crop rotation systems in dry land conditions. Tillage systems were tillage and no-tillage; and crop rotations were fallow-wheat, lentil-wheat and continuous wheat. No tillage system resulted in higher wheat yield than tillage system and fallow-wheat rotation resulted in higher wheat yield than other crop rotations in less rainy year. In average rainy year while wheat yields increased in no tillage treatment in fallow-wheat rotation and no tillage and tillage treatments in lentil-wheat rotation, the lowest yields obtained in no tillage treatment in wheat-wheat rotation due to the weeds. Water use efficiency showed similar trend with wheat yields. In terms of crop water use, while both tillage systems were close to each other, highest crop water use was obtained with fallow-wheat, then lentil-wheat and the lowest was wheat-wheat among crop rotations in both years. Although similar soil moisture values in 0-90 cm soil depth were measured for all tillage and rotation treatments in first year, some changes were determined in second year. Soil organic matter content increased, and in turn, an increase in aggregate stability and infiltration rate was obtained in no tillage system. Organic matter and aggregate stability were higher in continuous cropping systems than the fallow-wheat rotation. Penetration resistance values were nearly similar for all tillage and rotation treatments, except a few values. As we consider soil sustainability, yield and economy, no tillage lentil-wheat and no tillage fallow-wheat treatments were better than other treatments.