Far-Ultraviolet Performance of the Berkeley Spectrograph duringthe [ITAL]ORFEUS-SPAS II[/ITAL] Mission

Abstract

The Berkeley spectrograph aboard the ORFEUS telescope made its second flight on the 14 day ORFEUS-SPAS II mission of the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1996 November/December. Approximately half of the available observing time was dedicated to the Berkeley spectrograph, which was used by both principal and guest investigators. The spectrograph's full bandpass is 390-1218 A; here we discuss its in-flight performance at far-ultraviolet wavelengths, at which most of the observations were performed. The instrument's effective area peaks at 8.9±0.5 cm2 near 1020 A, and the mean spectral resolution is 95 km s-1 FWHM for point sources. Over most of the spectral range, the typical nighttime background event rate in each spectral resolution element was ~0.003 s-1. Simultaneous background observations of an adjacent blank field were provided through a secondary, off-axis aperture. The Berkeley spectrograph's unique combination of sensitivity and resolution provided valuable observations of approximately 105 distinct astronomical targets, which ranged in distance from the Earth's own Moon to some of the brightest active galactic nuclei.