Abstract
Far infrared radiation, a subdivision of the electromagnetic spectrum, is beneficial for long-term tissue healing, anti-inflammatory effects, growth promotion, sleep modulation, acceleration of microcirculation, and pain relief. We investigated if far infrared radiation is beneficial for renal proximal tubule cell cultivation and renal tissue engineering. We observed the effects of far infrared radiation on renal proximal tubules cells, including its effects on cell proliferation, gene and protein expression, and viability. We also examined the protective effects of far infrared radiation against cisplatin, a nephrotoxic agent, using the human proximal tubule cell line HK-2. We found that daily exposure to far infrared radiation for 30 min significantly increased rabbit renal proximal tubule cell proliferation in vitro, as assessed by MTT assay. Far infrared radiation was not only beneficial to renal proximal tubule cell proliferation, it also increased the expression of ATPase Na+/K+ subunit alpha 1 and glucose transporter 1, as determined by western blotting. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that far infrared radiation enhanced CDK5R1, GNAS, NPPB, and TEK expression. In the proximal tubule cell line HK-2, far infrared radiation protected against cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity by reducing apoptosis. Renal proximal tubule cell cultivation with far infrared radiation exposure resulted in better cell proliferation, significantly higher ATPase Na+/K+ subunit alpha 1 and glucose transporter 1 expression, and significantly enhanced expression of CDK5R1, GNAS, NPPB, and TEK. These results suggest that far infrared radiation improves cell proliferation and differentiation. In HK-2 cells, far infrared radiation mediated protective effects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing apoptosis, as indicated by flow cytometry and caspase-3 assay.
Highlights
Infrared radiation is optical radiation from wavelength 780 nm to 1 mm, and the infrared region in the wavelength range of 3 μm to 1 mm is further defined as far infrared radiation (FIR) [1]
We stained the renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) from the control and FIR groups with antibodies against ATPase Na +/K+ subunit alpha 1 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)
Cells in both the control and FIR groups displayed the typical characteristics of RPTCs, with high ATPase Na+/K+ subunit alpha 1 and GLUT1 expression (Fig 3)
Summary
Infrared radiation is optical radiation from wavelength 780 nm to 1 mm, and the infrared region in the wavelength range of 3 μm to 1 mm is further defined as far infrared radiation (FIR) [1]. FIR, part of the electromagnetic spectrum, has been proven to be beneficial for long-term tissue healing, protection against inflammation, promotion of growth, modulation of sleep, acceleration of microcirculation, and pain relief [2]. The apoptosis and cell death of dehydration-stressed cultured keratinocytes was attenuated by FIR [3]. Wounds treated with FIR healed more quickly, with better collagen regeneration and more fibroblast proliferation, than [5]. We investigated if FIR could be beneficial in renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) cultivation and renal tissue engineering
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