Abstract
Understanding the propagation of landslide-generated water waves is of great help against tsunami hazards. In order to investigate the effects of landslide shapes on the far-field leading wave generated by a submerged landslide at a constant depth, three linear wave models with different degrees of dispersive properties are employed in this study. The linear fully dispersive model is then validated by comparing the results against the experimental data available for landslides with a low Froude number. Three simplified shapes of landslides with the same volume, which are unnatural for a body of incoherent material, are used to investigate the effects of landslide shapes on the far-field properties of the generated leading wave over a flat seabed. The results show that the far-field leading crest over a constant depth is independent of the exact landslide shape and is invalid at a shallow water depth. Therefore, the most popular non-dispersive model (also called the shallow water wave model) cannot be used to reproduce the phenomenon. The weakly dispersive wave model can predict this phenomenon well. If only the leading wave is considered, this model is accurate up to at least μ = h0/Lc = 0.6, where h0 is the water depth and Lc denotes the characteristic length of the landslide.
Highlights
Large landslide-generated water waves are as destructive as earthquake tsunamis, which are common in reservoirs, lakes, bays, and oceans [1,2,3]
Lo and Liu developed a suite of analytical solutions for water waves generated by a landslide based on linear shallow water equations, linear weakly dispersive Boussinesq equations, and a linear fully dispersive model, respectively [35]
From their analysis based on a one-dimensional linear fully dispersive solution, one interesting phenomenon was found for water waves generated by a submerged landslide at a constant water depth; that is, the area enclosed by the landslide had stronger lasting effects on the generated water waves than its exact shape
Summary
Large landslide-generated water waves (or tsunamis) are as destructive as earthquake tsunamis, which are common in reservoirs, lakes, bays, and oceans [1,2,3]. Lo and Liu developed a suite of analytical solutions for water waves generated by a landslide based on linear shallow water equations, linear weakly dispersive Boussinesq equations, and a linear fully dispersive model, respectively [35]. From their analysis based on a one-dimensional linear fully dispersive solution, one interesting phenomenon was found for water waves generated by a submerged landslide at a constant water depth; that is, the area enclosed by the landslide had stronger lasting effects on the generated water waves than its exact shape. It is expected that the results of this study will provide deeper insight into the propagation of landslide-generated water waves and a guide for the selection of landslide tsunami models
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