Abstract
O artigo discute as formas pelas quais a educação participa dos processos de diferenciação social e construção de identidades. Focalizou-se a experiência escolar e as trajetórias sociais de um grupo de ex-alunas de três estabelecimentos de ensino confessionais femininos de São Paulo, egressas da escola por volta de 1960. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram questionários, entrevistas aprofundadas semi-estruturadas com exalunas, diretoras e ex-professoras, consulta a arquivos escolares e observações de tipo etnográfico. Relacionou-se origem social das famílias e das religiosas às características da formação escolar e os modos de profissionalização das egressas. Os resultados sugerem que os usos feitos pelas famílias da escola privada no Brasil resultam numa experiência educacional homogênea que potencializa os efeitos do processo educativo sobre a modalidade de incorporação dos estereótipos de classe e gênero. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: socialização, classe, gênero, reprodução social.FAMILY AND SCHOOL IN THE SOCIALIZATION OF GIRLS Graziela Serroni Perosa This paper discusses the forms through which the education participates in the processes of social differentiation and construction of identities. It was focused on the school experience and the social paths of a group of former students of three feminine confessional schools of São Paulo, who left school around 1960. The methodological procedures included questionnaires, semi-structured in-depth interviews with former students, directors and former teachers, consults to school files and ethnographic observations. The social origin of the families and of the nuns were linked to the characteristics of the students’ academic formation and their ways of professionalization. The results suggest that the uses of private schools by the families in Brazil result in a homogeneous educational experience that potentializes the effects of the educational process on the modality of incorporation of class and gender stereotypes. KEYWORD: socialization, class, gender, social reproduction.LA FAMILLE ET L’ECOLE DANS LA SOCIALISATION DES FILLES Graziela Serroni Perosa Cet article aborde les manières dont l’éducation prend part à des processus de différentiation sociale et de construction d’identités. L’accent a été mis sur l’expérience scolaire et les trajectoires sociales d’anciennes élèves, issues de trois établissements d’enseignement confessionnels féminins de São Paulo et qui en sont sorties vers 1960. Les méthodologies utilisées furent des questionnaires, des entretiens approfondis et semi-structurés avec d’anciennes élèves, des directeurs et d’anciens professeurs, des recherches dans les archives scolaires et des observations ethnographiques. Des croisements de données ont été faits sur l’origine sociale des familles et des religieuses, les caractéristiques de la formation scolaire et les manières dont les élèves se sont professionnalisées. Les résultats démontrent que la fréquentation des écoles privées par les familles au Brésil permet d’en arriver à une expérience éducationnelle homogène qui amplifie les effets du processus éducatif quant à l’incorporation des stéréotypes de classe et de genre. MOTS-CLÉS: socialisation, classe, genre, reproduction sociale.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
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