Family violence and mental health in a sample of Finnish health care professionals: the mediating role of perceived sleep quality.

Abstract

Family violence (FV) is a prevalent health issue around the world and health care services have an important role in both recognizing and treating the consequences of violence. However, FV experiences among health care professionals themselves have not been investigated much. We also lack specific knowledge on the associations between FV and mental health. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and effects of FV in a sample of Finnish health care professionals. In addition to analysing direct connections between different types of FV and mental health, the mediating effect of sleep quality was also taken into account. The study followed a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 1952 health care professionals from Central Finland, who participated in a survey measuring their health and well-being. The dependent variables were perceived sleep quality and mental health as measured by depressive symptoms and the mental health continuum short form (MHC-SF) questionnaire. Data were analysed using cross-tabulations, anova and structural equationmodelling. Thirty-eight per cent of the participants reported experiencing FV. The most common forms of abuse were 'psychological FV only' and 'psychological & physical abuse'. Participants with FV experiences scored significantly worse on depressive symptoms (p<0.001), MHC-SF classification (p=0.008), sleep quality (p=0.001) and emotional (p<0.001), social (p<0.001), and psychological (p=0.008) well-being. The mediation analyses indicated that the harmfulness of FV was at least partially explained by impaired sleep quality. The results indicate that FV experiences are common among Finnish health care professionals and that they can significantly affect their mental health. FV should thus be taken to account in seeking to promote the occupational well-being of health care professionals. The results also suggest that the harmfulness of FV might be mediated by sleep quality. This finding prompts the need for further investigation and FV-related interventions.