Family Planning Communications in Guatemala: A Nationwide Survey

Abstract

The data collected in Guatemala and reported about in this work illustrate a strategy for collecting high quality communications data from a representative sample of a target population in family planning. This is important since (IEC) information-education-communication activities are an essential element in family planning programs. These data indicate past and current IEC activities and future IEC efforts. The methodology for gathering the data is described as are the type of IEC activities carried out in Guatemala to date. Heaviest concentration was in the mass media and there were also a series of planned interpersonal activities designed to promote family planning. The mass media has been more successful in reaching individuals especially radio. Within interpersonal communication the most frequently reported type has been discussions with family planning personnel. Sociodemographic variables were examined in relation to exposure to family planning messages and the geographic area/ethnic group proved to be a key determinant in exposure to family planning message. The data also suggest that family planning communications are related to the adoption of family planning. Obstacles to the use of contraception in Guatemala were also examined; principal among them were the rumors and negative things heard about contraceptives. Lack of husband-wife communication religious beliefs and lack of knowledge about the methods available were other factors but each ranked somewhat differently depending on ethnic group. These are the obstacles that should be the focus of future IEC activities. Those who desire more family planning information generally want information about methods in general (true mostly about the Indian population); however data suggest that there is a need to speak in explicit terms about the different methods side effects and efficacy. This study points to future IEC efforts in areas of unmet needs target groups content and programming. Finally the advantages and disadvantages of including questions on a contraceptive prevalence survey are discussed.