Abstract
Bunyavirales are negative-sense segmented RNA viruses infecting arthropods, protozoans, plants, and animals. This study examines the phylogenetic relationships of plant viruses within this order, many of which are recently classified species. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), precursor glycoprotein (preGP), the nucleocapsid (N) proteins point toward common progenitor viruses. The RdRp of Fimoviridae and Tospoviridae show a close evolutional relationship while the preGP of Fimoviridae and Phenuiviridae show a closed relationship. The N proteins of Fimoviridae were closer to the Phasmaviridae, the Tospoviridae were close to some Phenuiviridae members and the Peribunyaviridae. The plant viral movement proteins of species within the Tospoviridae and Phenuiviridae were more closely related to each other than to members of the Fimoviridae. Interestingly, distal ends of 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions of species within the Fimoviridae shared similarity to arthropod and vertebrate infecting members of the Cruliviridae and Peribunyaviridae compared to other plant virus families. Co-phylogeny analysis of the plant infecting viruses indicates that duplication and host switching were more common than co-divergence with a host species.
Highlights
Viruses in the order Bunyavirales infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates
For all negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales, RNA1, is the longest and encodes RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
The RdRp sequences for 253 species belonging to arthropod, plant, protozoan, and vertebrate infecting viruses within Bunyavirales were compiled
Summary
Viruses in the order Bunyavirales infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. Their RNA genomes are segmented and exhibit negative or ambisense polarity. Each virus species has a fixed number of genome segments which range from two to eight, with plant viruses having the largest numbers of segments. The nucleotide sequences at the 30 and 50 terminus of each genome segment are complementary and form panhandle structures for stability. Their RNA segments are mostly coated in nucleocapsid proteins and further encapsulated in an envelope derived from its host cell. Bunyavirales is a recently established taxonomic order that encompasses twelve families comprising
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