Abstract
If high-conflict family environments are cariogenic across cultures, and can be studied in cultures where both these environments and cariogenic dental practices are particularly prevalent, this would afford the opportunity to examine how these two pathways of risk might interact, laying the stage for culturally competent, integrated prevention efforts. The first investigation involved qualitative data about perceptions of oral health and family stressors in Grenadian families with school-aged children. The second study used a questionnaire and observational data to assess relations among oral health behaviors, relationship satisfaction, parenting, and child behavior; it also included a pilot study of Motivational Interviewing. Most of the themes discussed in focus groups suggested overlap between U.S. and Grenadian parents; possible culture-specific issues were high prevalence of single-parent homes, normativity of physical discipline, less preventive dental care, and more fatalistic view of oral health outcomes. Significant associations were found between parent and child oral health behaviors, between child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and between family variables (e.g., relationship satisfaction, child behavior) and oral health behaviors (e.g., parent flossing, child brush time). The results strongly support the need for research on the relations between family functioning and oral health to be embedded within culture.
Highlights
Motivational Interviewing (MI; [4]), an approach that allows clients to explore problems according to their own stage of change, has accumulating evidence of effectiveness for reducing Early Childhood CariesEarly childhood caries (ECC) [5], but it has not been tested cross-culturally
If high-conflict family environments are cariogenic across cultures, and can be studied in cultures where both they and cariogenic dental practices are prevalent, this would afford the opportunity to examine how these two pathways of risk interact and lay the stage for well-informed, culturally competent, integrated prevention efforts
To examine the interaction of these pathways of risk and the generalizability of interventions to reduce cariogenic bacteria in at-risk populations, we looked to Grenada
Summary
Childhood caries (ECC) results in pain, higher risk for caries in permanent teeth, and compromised physical, social, and cognitive development [1]. The etiological influence of oral bacteria has been well-supported, preventive interventions for ECC that have targeted oral bacteria (i.e., that attempt to reduce cariogenic bacteria in at-risk populations via health education and dietary advice) result in small, short-term effects [2] and may not be generalizable outside the study [3]. Motivational Interviewing (MI; [4]), an approach that allows clients to explore problems according to their own stage of change, has accumulating evidence of effectiveness for reducing ECC [5], but it has not been tested cross-culturally.
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