Abstract
BackgroundThere is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies.MethodsA population-based case–control study of newly diagnosed gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma was conducted in Los Angeles County. This analysis included data of case-patients whom we were able to interview directly (147 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 182 with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 285 with distal gastric adenocarcinoma) and 1,309 control participants. Multivariate polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the three cancer types.ResultsRisk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was positively associated with a family history of prostate cancer (OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.50-5.36) and a family history of hiatal hernia (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.12-3.71). Risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma was strongly associated with a family history of esophageal cancer (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 1.23-21.79) and a family history of hiatal hernia (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.37-3.91). Risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma was positively associated with a family history of gastric cancer (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.18-3.91), particularly early-onset (before age 50) gastric cancer (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.11-7.15).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that family history of hiatal hernia is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and that cancer in specific sites is associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and distal gastric adenocarcinoma. It is important to determine the extent to which shared environmental and genetic factors explain these familial associations.
Highlights
There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies
History of cancer in the prostate was associated with an increased risk of EA; family history of esophageal cancer was associated with an increased risk of gastric cardia (GCA); and family history of gastrointestinal cancer and gastric cancer was associated with an increased risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma (DGA)
In summary, our data suggest that family history of cancers at specific sites may be associated with risk of EA, GCA, and DGA
Summary
There is a paucity of data on familial risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and distal gastric adenocarcinoma from population-based studies. In the last few decades, despite the decline in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and distal gastric cancer in most parts of the world [2], incidence rates of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus (EA) and gastric cardia (GCA) have been rising rapidly in the Western. We utilized data from a well-characterized population-based case–control study to assess whether family history of gastrointestinal cancers, other cancers and gastroesophageal disorders (hiatal hernia, any ulcer, gastritis, and Barrett’s esophagus) are associated with risk of EA, GCA, and distal gastric adenocarcinoma (DGA). Our investigation separated gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma by anatomical sites, and investigated the effect of family history of cancer as well as the effect of family history of nonmalignant gastroesophageal disorders
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