Abstract

目的 探讨学习困难(LD)儿童与家庭环境、行为特点及学习适应性的相关性.方法选用家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、小学生学习适应量表(AAT)分别对160名学习困难的儿童及120名正常儿童进行评定.结果 LD组儿童的家庭在亲密度(7.28±1.54 vs 7.93±1.21)、情感表达(5.81±1.62 vs 6.42±1.43)、知识性(5.29±1.74 vs 5.77±1.86)的评分低于对照组(P <0.05),而矛盾性(2.78±1.71 vs 2.33±1.52)则高于对照组(P <0.05).LD组儿童在小学生学习适应性量表评定中学习动机(68.24±15.31 vs 74.32±19.62)、学习期望(69.33±16.24 vs 76.43±18.77)、意志力(49.85±7.71 vs 54.81±10.37)、学习方法(36.71±6.74 vs 41.43±6.56)及家庭环境(72.41±18.47 vs 81.82±19.71)上评分显著低于对照组(P <0.05).Logistic逐步回归分析得出,学习困难与学习方法、学习期望、多动违纪、家庭知识性及性别有关.结论 LD儿童处在相对不良的家庭环境,儿童的行为特点及学习适应性与学习困难密切相关。

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