Family-Centered Social Cognitive Factors Preventing Primary Tooth Caries in Children Based on Intervention Mapping Approach.

Bahareh Kabiri,Ali Reza Hidarnia,Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh,Mehdi Mirzaei Alavijeh,Ali Montazeri,Vincenzo Iorio Siciliano

doi:10.1155/2021/6626090

Abstract

Background Given the increasing prevalence of primary tooth caries in Iran and the importance of providing evidence- and theory-based family-centered prevention programs, the present study is aimed at determining the family-centered social cognitive factors preventing deciduous tooth caries among children using the intervention mapping protocol. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 240 Iranian mothers in Ilam who were randomly selected to participate in the study. The data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire including items on demographic information and social cognitive constructs (knowledge, attitude, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, practice guidance, perceived self-efficacy, behavior intention, subjective norms, and social norms). The questionnaire was completed by mothers, and the data were analyzed by performing one-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Results The results obtained from linear regression analysis showed that perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.295, p < 0.001), perceived barriers (B = 0.084, p < 0.028), practice guidance (B = 0.774, p < 0.001), and social norms (B = 0.137, p < 0.020) accounted for 71% of the behavioral intention variance and were the most important predictors for preventing primary tooth caries among children. Conclusion The findings suggest that perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers, practice guidance, and social norms are essential for developing family-centered programs to prevent primary tooth caries in children.

Highlights

Primary teeth start to grow about 6 months after birth and complete their growth when children are 3-5 years of age so that they can satisfy their nutritional needs [1, 2].Primary teeth form the foundation of the permanent ones and are very susceptible to caries
Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence reported in the world varies from 60 to 90 percent with the developed countries having the lowest and the developing countries the intermediate and/or highest prevalence [8]
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasizes that specialist healthcare for identifying effective factors in oral and dental health in all children must begin at the age of 6 months

Summary

Introduction

Primary teeth form the foundation of the permanent ones and are very susceptible to caries. Despite being a very preventable infectious disease, dental caries is still one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, strongly influences the health and social and intellectual development of communities by causing problems. The results obtained from linear regression analysis showed that perceived self-efficacy (B = 0:295, p < 0:001), perceived barriers (B = 0:084, p < 0:028), practice guidance (B = 0:774, p < 0:001), and social norms (B = 0:137, p < 0:020) accounted for 71% of the behavioral intention variance and were the most important predictors for preventing primary tooth caries among children. The findings suggest that perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers, practice guidance, and social norms are essential for developing family-centered programs to prevent primary tooth caries in children

Methods

Results

Conclusion