Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster ( Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions

Abstract

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster ( Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days. Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances. These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.