Families of Lyapunov functions for nonlinear systems in critical cases

Abstract

Lyapunov functions are constructed for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations whose linearized system at an equalized point possesses either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary eigenvalues. The construction is explicit, and yields parameterized families of Lyapunov functions for such systems. In the case of a zero eigenvalue, the Lyapunov functions contain quadratic and cubic terms in the state. Quartic terms appear as well for the case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Predictions of local asymptotic stability using these Lyapunov functions are shown to coincide with those of pertinent bifurcation-theoretic calculations. The development of the paper is carried out using elementary properties of multilinear functions. The Lyapunov function families thus obtained are amenable to symbolic computer coding. >