Families Braulidae and Streblidae (Insecta: Diptera) as ectoparasites of mammals

Abstract

Once the larval development is complete, the Braula, Nitzsch, 1818 (Braulidae) becomes a pupa within the tunnels it has excavated, and when it reaches the adult state, it attaches itself to the body of the bee. Department of the cycle, from oviposition to the emergence of the adult parasite reaches 21 days. When the beekeeper carries out inspections of his hives. Parasitized bees, especially queens, are restless, nervous, weakened, and at intervals shake their legs or rub their bodies with their wings, in order to get rid of the parasites, but without any success. The Streblidae are viviparous ectoparasites, obligatory and exclusive to bats, which instead of laying eggs or larvae, what they do is put an already developed pupa. Viviparity is adenotrophic; that is, the larvae feed on glandular secretions in the uterus. In the third instar, the larva is deposited in the shelter of the host. One larva develops inside the female and feeds on secretions from the accessory glands, which are highly specialized. Eventually, the third-instar larva is deposited as a sessile prepupa in a substrate. The objective of this bibliographical production is to understand the biological, ecological, and taxonomic characteristics of the Braulidae and Streblidae families. In terms of the type of research source, we worked with scientific articles published in national and international journals. This type of production, in addition to being commonly the most valued in all bibliographic production, is the most easily accessed. Access to articles was through virtual libraries such as SciELO, ResearchGate, Hall, USP, UNB, CAPES, Qeios, and LILACS.