Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic structure of the crime provided for in Art. 142 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which are considered debatable. This crime, in the general structure of crimes against electoral rights is about 65%. This circumstance, according to the author, indicates the social conditionality of the criminal-legal prohibition, the public danger of an act that grossly violates the conditions of the legitimacy of state power. In law enforcement practice, criminal cases are practically not initiated, which is due to a number of circumstances, including the legal uncertainty of a number of signs of the crime. The article deals with the essence of impeding the citizen's free exercise of his electoral rights and the right to participate in a referendum, violating the secrecy of voting, as well as obstructing the work of election commissions, referendum commissions or the activities of members of these commissions related to his performance of duties by falsifying election documents. As a classification feature, the author indicates the addressee of the relevant document: the voter; candidate; initiative group for holding a referendum; member of the commission with a casting vote; precinct election commission. The article provides the concept of what is referred to mandatory documents that are drawn up by the precinct election commission when carrying out actions with ballot papers. These include: an act on the receipt of ballots from a higher commission indicating their number; Act on the repayment of spoiled ballots (in the presence of such facts); an act on the conduct of voting outside the relevant premises; Act on the invalidation of ballots that were in a mobile box for voting. At the same time, the author points out that this classification has not lost its significance even at the present time. The author suggests the notion of an election document to be fixed in a note to art. 142 of the Criminal Code. The article reveals the characteristics of the main elements of the crime provided for in Art. 142 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and compared with other views of Russian scientists.
Highlights
По разным данным, преступление, предусмотренное ст. 142 УК РФ, в общей структуре преступлений против избирательных прав составляет около 65 % [6, с. 47]
The article is devoted to the analysis of the basic structure of the crime provided for in Art. 142 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which are considered debatable
Shchigolev Yu. Ugolovnaya otvetstvennost' v oblasti izbiratel'nykh prav
Summary
Статья посвящена анализу основного состава преступления, предусмотренного ст. 142 УК РФ, относящихся к числу дискуссионных. Обязательными документами, которые составляются участковой избирательной комиссией при осуществлении действий с избирательными бюллетенями, выступают: акт о получении избирательных бюллетеней от вышестоящей комиссии с указанием их числа; акт о погашении испорченных избирательных бюллетеней (при наличии таких фактов); акт о проведении голосования вне соответствующего помещения; акт о признании недействительными избирательных бюллетеней, находившихся в переносном ящике для голосования (если такие факты имелись) [12, с. Фальсификация избирательных документов, документов референдума, то есть указание в них заведомо ложных данных, влияющих или имеющих целью повлиять на выдвижение, регистрацию кандидата (списка кандидатов), регистрацию инициативной группы по проведению референдума, а равно на итоги голосования, результаты выборов, референдума, если это деяние совершено членом избирательной комиссии, комиссии референдума, уполномоченным представителем избирательного объединения, группы избирателей, инициативной группы по проведению референдума, иной группы участников референдума, а также кандидатом или уполномоченным им представителем, – наказывается...» [13, с.
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