Abstract
The asparagus, a dioecious plant, usually includes plants of both sexes, though also hermaphrodite ones. The male inflorescences are frequented by adult Prodiplosis longifila, who lay such large amounts of eggs on them that its populations can reach millions of individuals over a lapse of 20 to 30 days, which is the plant regular flowering period. The field investigation took place in two locations: (i) the Irrigation Research Unit of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) and (ii) properties of the Agricultural Society of Viru (SAVSA). The number of fallen flowers and larvae per bud after applying multiple treatments on asparagus plots of the two locations was counted to determine the best concentration and application time of various fertilizers to induce the highest percentage of flower fall to manage P. longifila populations. In the UNALM the fertilizer B Dose 2 generated the highest percentage of fallen flowers, 82.1 % ± 14.85 %, and the fertilizer C Dose 1 caused 74.94 % ± 13.78 %. In SAVSA the fertilizer B Dose 3 made a percentage of fallen flowers of 50.6 % ± 21.56 % and fertilizer B Dose 2, 49.85 % ± 16.28 %. The average number of P. longifila 2nd-stage larvae, evaluated on fifteen flowers and in three moments was 3.9 larvae. Foliar fertilizers applications affected both male and female flowers almost equally in all treatments, percentage-wise. Foliar fertilizers promote asparagus flowers falling, consequently contribute to a significative reduction of P. longifila populations, due to a larvae exposition to rapid desiccation under the sun.
Highlights
Materials and methodsProdiplosis longifila Gagné is the most significant pest For the present investigation, we used commercial products, in asparagus cultivation (Asparagus officinalis Linneo), as shown in Table 1 with their respective concentrations. in Northern Peru; the larvae of this dipteran are located in the tender sprouts and apexes of green shoots causing injuries and malformations, which can lead to the sprout death. (Castillo, 2006; Delgado de la Flor et al, 1993).The field work was carried in two localities: Lima and La Libertad
In Northern Peru; the larvae of this dipteran are located in the tender sprouts and apexes of green shoots causing injuries and malformations, which can lead to the sprout death. (Castillo, 2006; Delgado de la Flor et al, 1993)
Significative statistical differences of the percentage of fallen flowers were observed for the parameters levels of fertilization and application moments of foliar fertilizers (p < 0.001); but not in their interaction
Summary
Prodiplosis longifila Gagné is the most significant pest For the present investigation, we used commercial products, in asparagus cultivation (Asparagus officinalis Linneo), as shown in Table 1 with their respective concentrations. The asparagus is a dioecious plant, though there Agricultural Society of Virú (SAVSA) (April and May) In both cases, we applied One-way tests with factorial frequented by adult female P. longifila, which lay eggs arrangements, where the factors were the levels of on them, generating populations of adult insects that fertilization and the moments of application. After comparing the average percentage of fallen flowers for male plants, all treatments produced more falling of flowers than the absolute control, with treatments B and E being the ones to stand out with 48.60 % ± 7.97 % and 46.56 % ± 8.63 % respectively, and treatments B, E, C, D, and A being statistically equal. The second larval stage was considered since the first stage is difficult to see and susceptible to dry, the third stage falls off the flower to the ground
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