Abstract
In recent years, the number of proposed fall-detection systems that have been developed has increased dramatically. A threshold-based algorithm utilizing an accelerometer has been used to detect low-complexity falling activities. In this study, we defined activities in which the body's center of gravity quickly declines as falling activities of daily life (ADLs). In the non-falling ADLs, we also focused on the body's center of gravity. A hyperplane of the support vector machine (SVM) was used as the separating plane to replace the traditional threshold method for the detection of falling ADLs. The scripted and continuous unscripted activities were performed by two groups of young volunteers (20 subjects) and one group of elderly volunteers (five subjects). The results showed that the four parameters of the input vector had the best accuracy with 99.1% and 98.4% in the training and testing, respectively. For the continuous unscripted test of one hour, there were two and one false positive events among young volunteers and elderly volunteers, respectively.
Highlights
In 2010, 10.7% of Taiwan’s population was age 65 or older
The sensitivity is the number of true positive (TP) decisions divided by the number of actual positive cases; the specificity is the number of true negative (TN) decisions divided by the number of actual negative cases
The falling definition that we detected in this paper is different from that of previous studies
Summary
In 2010, 10.7% of Taiwan’s population was age 65 or older. According to the government’s evaluation, this proportion will become over 20% by 2025. Studies have evaluated a set of fall-detection algorithms on data that recorded from 20 middle-aged volunteers (40–65 years old), performing six different falls and four scripted activities of daily living (ADL) [10,11]. We will first define falling ADLs as actions in which the center of gravity of the body quickly descends These activities include, but are not limited to, slipping while ascending stairs, slipping while descending stairs, stumbling and falling down forwards, backwards falling down, lateral falling down, and falling down with a weak leg and sitting on a bedside and slipping onto the ground, sitting in a wheelchair and slipping onto the ground, rolling down from a bed, and falling down on a bed. ADLs, and continuously scripted ADLs, including falling ADLs and continuous unscripted ADLs performed by young and elderly volunteers with our designed device
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