Faktor Pendorong dan Penarik dalam Migrasi Pekerja Rumah Tangga Migran Perempuan

Abstract

The phenomenon of international migration is growing every year and this phenomenon has a big impact. Migration is an act to move from origin region to destination region. Those who migrated are called 'migrants'. One type of migrant is a migrant worker. Migrant workers are people who migrate to be employed or work alone to improve their economy. Indonesia is known as one of the largest sending countries of migrant workers. The province that sends the most migrant workers in Indonesia is East Java where Malang Regency is one of the regencies that send the most Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) or Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Hong Kong is the most favored destination for IMW from Malang Regency. Every year, the number of IMW that is sent is always increasing but at the end of 2019, the number started to decline. This is caused by the COVID-19 pandemic which had impacts on many things. Most of these IMWs are female and work in the domestic sector. This research used a qualitative research method with an interview approach to 12 Indonesian IMWs who left for Hong Kong and came from Malang Regency. It was found that their main motive for migrating was to improve their economy since it's hard to find jobs in Malang and the wage is small which is known as push factors. In Hong Kong, the demand for female migrant workers is high, the wages are great, and Hong Kong has good policies for IMW which is known as the pull factors to migrate.