Abstract
Secure multi-party computation (SMC) is a cryptographic protocol that allows participants to compute the desired output without revealing their inputs. A variety of results related to increasing the efficiency of SMC protocol have been reported, and thus, SMC can be used in various applications. With the SMC protocol in smart grids, it becomes possible to obtain information for load balancing and various statistics, without revealing sensitive user information. To prevent malicious users from tampering with input values, SMC requires cheater detection. Several studies have been conducted on SMC with cheater detection, but none of these has been able to guarantee the fairness of the protocol. In such cases, only a malicious user can obtain a correct output prior to detection. This can be a critical problem if the result of the computation is real-time information of considerable economic value. In this paper, we propose a fair and secure multi-party computation protocol, which detects malicious parties participating in the protocol before computing the final output and prevents them from obtaining it. The security of our protocol is proven in the universal composability framework. Furthermore, we develop an enhanced version of the protocol that is more efficient when computing an average after detecting cheaters. We apply the proposed protocols to a smart grid as an application and analyze their efficiency in terms of computational cost.
Highlights
Secure multi-party computation (SMC) is a set of cryptographic techniques that allows a set of mutually distrusting parties to compute a predefined function on their private inputs and obtain an output without revealing the inputs
The online phase of the SPDZ protocol is derived by preprocessing the task of the online phase in the offline phase of the protocol.) In this paper, we provide a definition of universally composable (UC) security for fair multi-party computation and prove the security of the proposed protocol according to this definition
We prove the computational security of our protocol, which means that every probabilistic polynomial-time (PPT) adversary succeeds in breaking the scheme with only negligible probability in a reasonable amount of time
Summary
Secure multi-party computation (SMC) is a set of cryptographic techniques that allows a set of mutually distrusting parties to compute a predefined function on their private inputs and obtain an output without revealing the inputs. Meaningful information for beneficial services may be obtained by aggregating data collected by smart meters Information such as power consumption patterns and time-of-use rates enable consumers to find a solution to sustain energy efficiency while reducing the cost of electricity. If malicious consumers tamper with their smart meters while performing computations, the utility as well as honest consumers will be unable to obtain accurate information (e.g., for load balancing or reducing energy cost). It is necessary to detect malicious parties before computing the final output We propose an SMC protocol that guarantees fairness by detecting a cheater prior to computing the final output.
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