Failure to thrive: the prevalence and concurrence of anthropometric criteria in a general infant population

Abstract

. Olsen, E. M., Petersen, J., Skovgaard, A. M., Weile, B., Jørgensen, T. & Wright, C. M. ( 2007 ) , 92 , 109 – 114 . DOI: 10.1136/adc.2005.080333. Background Failure to thrive (FTT) in early childhood is associated with subsequent developmental delay and is recognized to reflect relative undernutrition. Although the concept of FTT is widely used, no consensus exists regarding a specific definition, and it is unclear to what extent different anthropometric definitions concur.Objective To compare the prevalence and concurrence of different anthropometric criteria for FTT and test the sensitivity and positive predictive values of these in detecting children with ‘significant undernutrition’, defined as the combination of slow conditional weight gain and low body mass index (BMI).Methods Seven criteria of FTT, including low weight for age, low BMI, low conditional weight gain and Waterlow's criterion for wasting, were applied to a birth cohort of 6090 Danish infants. The criteria were compared in two age groups: 2–6 and 6–11 months of life.Results In total, 27% of infants met one or more criteria in at least one of the two age groups. The concurrence among the criteria was generally poor, with most children identified by only one criterion. Positive predictive values of different criteria ranged from 1% to 58%. Most single criteria either identified less than half the cases of significant undernutrition (found in 3%) or included far too many, thus having a low positive predictive value. Children with low weight for height tended to be relatively tall.Conclusions No single measurement on its own seems to be adequate for identifying nutritional growth delay. Further longitudinal population studies are needed to investigate the discriminating power of different criteria in detecting significant undernutrition and subsequent outcomes.