Failure of nimodipine to prevent or correct the long-term nerve conduction defect and increased neuronal Ca 2+-currents in the diabetic BB/W-rat

Abstract

It has been suggested that L-type Ca 2+ channel antagonists exert a beneficial effect on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) slowing in short-term experimental diabetic neuropathy. We examined the effects of long-term treatment with the L-channel blocker, nimodipine, on two aspects of neuronal function previously documented to be abnormal in the spontaneously diabetic BB/W-rat: nerve conduction velocity and calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Treatment with 20 mg/kg nimodipine i.p. every 48 h from onset of diabetes for 6 months led to a transient, non-significant (30%) improvement in NCV. Intervention with the same regimen from 3 to 6 months of diabetes had no corrective effect on the already established NCV defect. Voltage activated calcium currents were recorded in isolated DRG neurons from nimodipine-treated and untreated diabetic and non-diabetic age-matched BB/W control rats. The peak high-threshold calcium current density ( I DCa, pA pF ) was significantly larger in non-treated diabetic rats compared with control rats (157 ± 12 vs. 66 ± 5.5 ( P < 0.05)). Long-term treatment with nimodipine was associated with a non-significant (28%) decrease (112 ± 29) in the I DCa compared with non-treated diabetic rats. We conclude that L-channel mediated perturbations of cytosolic Ca 2+ levels are only of minor pathophysiologic significance in the development of chronic diabetic neuropathy.