Failure of high burnup fuels under reactivity-initiated accident conditions

Abstract

Pulse irradiation experiments of high burnup light-water-reactor fuels were performed to assess the fuel failure limit in a postulated reactivity-initiated accident (RIA). A BWR-UO 2 rod at a burnup of 69 GW d/t failed due to pellet-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI) in the test LS-1. The fuel enthalpy at which fuel failure occurred was comparable to those for PWR-UO 2 rods of 71 to 77 GW d/t with more corroded cladding. Comparison of cladding metallographs between the BWR and PWR fuel rods suggested that the morphology of hydride precipitation, which depends on the cladding texture, affects the fuel failure limit. The tests BZ-1 and BZ-2 with PWR-MOX rods of 48 and 59 GW d/t, respectively, also resulted in PCMI failure. The fuel enthalpies at failure were consistent with a tendency formed by the previous test results with UO 2 fuel rods, if the failure enthalpy is plotted as a function of the cladding outer oxide thickness. Therefore, the PCMI failure limit under RIA conditions depends on the cladding corrosion states including oxidation and hydride precipitation, and the same failure limit is applicable to UO 2 and MOX fuels below 59 GW d/t.