Failure of dissimilar QP980/DP600 advanced high strength steels resistance spot welds

Abstract

This study investigates the microstructure, failure characteristics, and mechanical properties of dissimilar resistance spot welds between QP980 quenching and partitioning steel and DP600 dual phase steel. The dissimilar spot welds exhibited a heterogeneous microstructure, with a fusion zone predominantly composed of martensite, significantly overmatching both base materials. A fully martensitic structure with grain size gradient was observed in the upper-critical heat affected zone (UCHAZ) on both sides of the dissimilar joint. In the sub-critical heat affected zone (SCHAZ), no significant phase transformation occurred on both sides. However, at high welding currents, a slight tempering of pre-existing martensite was detected on the QP980 side resulting in a minor hardness drop in this zone. There was a critical welding current at which the failure mode was changed from interfacial mode to pullout mode. The dissimilar QP/DP joint showed a lower tendency to fail via interfacial failure mode compared to similar QP/QP and DP/DP joints, attributed to a higher fusion zone hardness overmatching factor and greater nugget rotation. Pullout failure of dissimilar QP/DP combination was assessed in detail through interrupted tensile shear test. It was found that failure at stronger QP980 side occurred by ductile cracking mechanism initiated from the notch tip, while failure at softer DP600 side occurred by through-thickness localized necking. The former was found to be the prior failure mechanism controlling the load bearing capacity of the dissimilar joint. The mechanical properties of dissimilar QP/DP joints were discussed in terms of peak load and energy absorption, and then were compared to those of similar DP/DP and QP/QP joints in the light of weld microstructure and failure mechanisms.