Abstract
The roadway instability in deep underground conditions has attracted constant concerns in recent years, as it seriously affects the efficiency of coal mining and the safety of personnel. The large rheological deformations normally occur in deep roadway with soft coal mass. However, the failure mechanism of such roadways is still not clear. In this study, based on a typical soft coal roadway in the field, the in-situ measurements and rock mass properties were obtained. The rheological deformation of that roadway was revealed. Then a time-dependent 3D numerical model was established and verified. Based on the verified model, the deformation properties and evolutionary failure mechanism of deep coal roadway were investigated in detail. The results showed that the deformation of the soft coal roadway demonstrated rheological behavior and the applied support structures failed completely. After roadway excavation, the maximum and minimum stresses around the roadway deteriorated gradually with the increase of time. The failure zones in soft coal mass expanded increasingly over time, which had a negative effect on roadway stability in the long-term. According to the findings, helpful suggestions were further presented to control the rheological deformation in the roadway. This research systematically reveals the instability mechanism of the deep coal roadway and provides some strategies for maintaining roadway stability, which can significantly promote the sustainability of mining in deep underground coal mines.
Highlights
Roadway instability is a challenging issue in deep underground coal mines, which seriously jeopardizes personnel safety [1]
The deformation of the roadway with weak rock mass and soft coal mass rapidly increases with time, which causes the evolutionary failure of the roadway
A deep roadway with soft coal mass was selected as the studied area and its two-stage time-dependent deformation was first revealed
Summary
Roadway instability is a challenging issue in deep underground coal mines, which seriously jeopardizes personnel safety [1]. To investigate the failure of soft rock mass roadway in deep mines, some methods such as theoretic analysis [6], field tests [7,8,9], physical simulation models [10,11], and numerical modeling were presented and utilized. By FLAC (v 7.0) or FLAC3D (v 5.0) methods [20,21,22,23], the stability of a roadway related to excavation size, geological conditions, stress states, rheological properties of rock mass, and the development of plastic zone was investigated. This paper revealed the time-dependent deformation of the soft coal roadway and presented a 3D numerical model for analyzing its evolutionary failure mechanism. The rheological deformation, the stress distribution of surrounding coal mass with time, and the evolutionary plastic zones around the roadway were systematically investigated based on the verified model. This research puts forward some meaningful insights into the instability of deep coal roadways in rheology and has significance in support design
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