Abstract
Experiments are described on (i) the simple Taylor test where a flat-ended projectile mushrooms against a semi-infinite “rigid target”, (ii) penetration of conically tipped cylindrical projectiles into semi-infinite targets, (iii) the use of modified nose geometries to direct the pattern of shear failure and (iv) the impact of balls on thin plates. Macro- and micro-structural investigation of fractured penetrators illustrates mechanisms of ductile fracture, intergranular and transgranular brittle fractures, and adiabatic shear. Stress analysis highlights those regions subjected to prolonged hydrostatic tensile stresses during impact indicating fracture by spalling, and those regions where persistent velocity discontinuities or planes of maximum shear strain rate indicate adiabatic shear failure.
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