Failure is not an Alternative: A Systematic Review of the Prognostic Factors of Cardiorenal Syndrome

Abstract

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathophysiological condition of the heart and kidneys. Cardiac and renal illnesses are prevalent and commonly overlap to substantial increase mortality, morbidity, and cost. Smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, sepsis, and labs of blood urea, serum creatinine, eGFR, and LVEF were identified as death risk factors. Up to 40% of decompensated HF patients exhibit with CRS 1. Just 9% of patients with acute HF had normal renal function. Those with type 4 CRS have a 49% higher mortality risk.