Abstract
We investigate localization in granular material with the support of numerical simulations based upon DEM (Distinct Element Method). Localization is associated with a discontinuity in a component of the incremental strain over a plane surface through the condition of the determinant of the acoustic tensor to be zero. DEM simulations are carried out on an aggregate of elastic frictional spheres, initially isotropically compressed and then sheared at constant pressure p0. The components of the stiffness tensor are evaluated numerically in stressed states along the triaxial test and employed to evaluate the acoustic tensor in order to predict localization. This occurs in the pre-peak region, where the aggregate hardens under the circumstance to be incrementally frictionless: it is a regime in which the tangential force does not change as the deformation proceedes and, consequently, the deviatoric stress varies only with the normal component of the contact force.
Highlights
In a recent contribution, La Ragione et al [1] analyze We focus on an ideal elastic frictional aggregate of parand predict localization in an ideal granular material based ticles that has been isotropically compressed and upon micro-mechanical considerations
We investigate localization in granular material with the support of numerical simulations based upon DEM (Distinct Element Method)
The components of the stiffness tensor are evaluated numerically in stressed states along the triaxial test and employed to evaluate the acoustic tensor in order to predict localization. This occurs in the pre-peak region, where the aggregate hardens under the circumstance to be incrementally frictionless: it is a regime in which the tangential force does not change as the deformation proceedes and, the deviatoric stress varies only with the normal component of the contact force
Summary
La Ragione et al [1] analyze We focus on an ideal elastic frictional aggregate of parand predict localization in an ideal granular material based ticles that has been isotropically compressed and upon micro-mechanical considerations. They point out that failure is associated with a regime of deformation in sheared. The stiffness tensor, order work and the possibility to predict diffuse bifurca- Ai jqp, relates the increments in stress to the increments in tion This phenomena may precede localization [9] but total average strain as both second-order work and determinant of the acoustic tensor are zero when localization occurs. We carry out numerical simulations to evaluate the components Ai jqp of the stiffness tensor of the aggregate
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