Abstract
The failure characteristics of fissured rock specimens under true triaxial unloading conditions were investigated. The effects of the intermediate principal stress (σ2) on the stress–strain responses, failure modes, specimen strength, and acoustic emission (AE) cues were evaluated. It is found that the deformation in the direction of the minimum prnicipal stress decreases as σ2 increases to a certain value and then increases during unloading. The proportion of tensile cracks decreases as σ2 increases at values lower than 30 MPa but increases at values exceeding 30 MPa. The AE cues were analyzed to identify the failure modes of the specimens under unloading conditions. The percentage of tensile cracks is much higher than that of shear cracks at a low σ2. An increase of σ2 results in a decrease in the percentage of tensile cracks. However, the percentage of tensile cracks increases as σ2 exceeds a certain value. A damage model is proposed for predict the peak stress of the fissured specimens under unloading conditions.
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