Abstract
In this paper, the issue of failure assessment in the drinking water distribution system was presented. This specific study was conducted on the water distribution system on the campus of Bahir Dar Institute of Technology. The current problem in Bahir Dar institute of technology is that the water infrastructure is aging and has not been spending adequate to repair, replace, or rehabilitate drinking water distribution systems. This develops higher stresses on the water distribution network causing pipes to crack, or rupture permanently while in service. Due to this problem, the whole water supply components in the distribution network led to increased water loss and quality reduction. The general objective of this study is to assess the risk of the water distribution system in the Bahir Dar Institute of technology water supply distribution system. In this study, a structural risk assessment was developed by using ARC GIS 10.5 and Water Cad V8i to get prioritize maps of the water distribution system and hydraulic analysis of the drinking water distribution system of the institute. In developing this assessment, the score was established based on the preset criteria to evaluate customer point risk and structural point risks such as water quality, water availability, pressure head adequacy, the flow rate of water, pipe, storage facility, and pump. Based on the result obtained from an equal weight approach, the score of the drinking water distribution system risk index is a medium level (2.56) with a low level of structural risk (2.5) and a medium level of consumer point risk (2.62). The results evaluated by the AHP method, structural risk has had the highest weight score (76%) which means it needs more priority than consumption point risk (24%), and the result of drinking water distribution system risk index laid at the medium level (2.7), it indicates the institution drinking water distribution system put at the satisfactory condition with the sum up the effect of medium structural risk index (2.65) and medium consumption point risk (2.82). Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the components of the campus water supply distribution system, particularly parts of the pipe and the majority of the pump, should be replaced before they become obsolete, and suitable preventive measures should be taken.
Highlights
Water distribution networks are the most vital and expensive infrastructural assets Kabir et al (2015)
The objective of this study includes (i) the development of a practical failure assessment method that was both easy to understand and easy to use small data availability, (ii) assessment of the risk linked to the structure by selecting main and sub-main factors, and (iii) assessment of the risk associated with customer point based on the selected factors to evaluate the risk of water main failure considering the structural risk of failure and, costumer-based risk and impact factors. (iv) This paper further explores both knowledge and data-based pairwise comparison method to evaluate the water main failure risk index that can be used to rank or prioritize the water main in a network system for Bahir Dar institute of technology’s water supply distribution system
This assessment was made into two main criteria which are customer point risk and structural point risks such as water quality, water availability, pressure head adequacy, the flow rate of water, pipe, storage facility, and pump
Summary
Water distribution networks are the most vital and expensive infrastructural assets Kabir et al (2015). The deterioration of urban water distribution systems presents a major challenge to water utilities throughout the world. This deterioration can lead to break and leak which may result in a reduction in the water carrying capacity and lead to substantial repair cost and can pose potential dangers and contaminating the water in the distribution system Yamijala et al (2007, 2008). A properly maintained distribution system can potentially decrease negative impacts on our environment by avoiding substantial water loss through preventative maintenance against leaks, cracks, and pipe breaks during normal operations. It is quite important to evaluate the technical performance of the water supply distribution system providing service in older water distribution systems and to replace that having the potential damage risk Jan Carlo Devera (2013)
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