Abstract
This study was designed to examine the dynamic nature of efficacy belief—changes in task-specific self-efficacy and team efficacy when there is performance feedback. Simulation gaming was used to create a task environment where goal attainment was unlikely. Based on data from 72 teams and 96 hours of simulation, the results indicate that decrease in self-efficacy and team efficacy are positively related to failure of each round of the simulation. Both self- and team-efficacy is continuously downward adjusted according to negative performance feedback. This relationship is mediated by depressive realism—namely, team members’ negative yet true perception of reality. In addition, this study finds that in failure, the decrease of team efficacy is faster than that of self-efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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