Abstract
Female model has a variety of body image and experiences social pressure to have low weight. Thus, there is a desire to lose weight with a variety of efforts, such as fad diets. This type of diet can lead to insufficient intake of nutrients in the body and increase the risk of health problems in the long run. The research aimed to analyze fad diets, nutritional status, and nutritional adequacy of female models in Malang. The research design was cross-sectional in 52 female models aged 18–25 years who were selected by simple random sampling. The data of fad diets used in the questionnaire, nutritional status data using the calculation of the last body weight and height, and nutritional adequacy were measured using 2 × 24 hour food recall. Data analysis used the chi-square test. The results of this research showed that most respondents implement fad diets (69%), had negative body image (62%), had a skinny at high level (22%), skinny at mild level (44%), and normal (33%) of nutritional status, and had inadequate nutritional adequacy (77%). There was a significant (p=0.023) correlation between fad diets and nutritional adequacy (r = 0.369), and in addition, there was a significant correlation (p=0.041) between nutritional status and nutritional adequacy (r = 0.35). It is concluded that the female models who implemented fad diets and nutritional status below normal tended to not have adequate levels of nutritional adequacy because of improper food selection and psychological factors. Female models are expected to be able to conduct weight loss with the assistance of a nutritionist or in accordance with balanced nutrition guidelines.
Highlights
Female models often feel unsatisfied with their body shape because of social pressure that requires them to appear with strong and perfect character both technically and artistically, where their assumption is a thin body shape, low body weight, and low fat content
Demands from the agency and the environment encourage some female models to change body shape, exercise, and consumption of weight-loss pills and make efforts to lose weight by “dieting” to reach a body mass index (BMI) below normal (17.5 kg/m2) [1, 2]. e population of adolescents who work as models is one of the high-risk populations experiencing nutritional problems because they have a strong desire to be thinner compared to the nonmodel group [3]
Models believe that unhealthy eating restriction including fad diet is beneficial to their weight-loss program. e American Dietetic Association defines fad diet is diet that promises instant weight loss without having to exercise but is not based on a clear scientific basis. is type of unsafe diet can pose a risk of various health problems such as ketosis, disruption of fluid, and electrolyte balance, to cause kidney damage [6]
Summary
Female models often feel unsatisfied with their body shape because of social pressure that requires them to appear with strong and perfect character both technically and artistically, where their assumption is a thin body shape, low body weight, and low fat content. In Indonesia, there are only few research studies about eating behavior because it is still considered a trivial problem This eating disorder can be caused by several wrong perceptions, such as the perception that a thin body is the ideal body shape, triggering women to make various efforts to lose weight instantly due to the low psychological aspects and knowledge aspects. Erefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between fad diets, nutritional adequacy, body image, and nutritional status of female models in Malang City. Is triggered the emergence of body dissatisfaction in female models that had an impact on weight-loss efforts with excessive dieting, which leads to eating disorders [8]. It was known from the total number of teenage girls at SMAN 8, Yogyakarta, who
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