Facultative hyperparasitism by the potential biological control agent Aptesis nigrocincta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Dirk Babendreier,Thomas S Hoffmeister

doi:10.14411/eje.2003.033

Abstract

This study investigated whether Lathrolestes ensator, a parasitoid released as a biological control agent against the European apple sawfly in Canada, is successfully attacked by the cocoon parasitoid A.nigrocincta. In a no-choice situation in the laboratory, there was no significant difference between the acceptance of unparasitized hosts and hosts containing an egg of L. ensator by females of A.nigrocincta. In addition, A.nigrocincta attacked mature larvae of the larval parasitoid to the same degree as they attacked unparasitized hosts. Survival of A.nigrocincta offspring was close to 100% regardless of whether they developed in unparasitized hosts, in hosts containing an egg of L. ensator or in host cocoons containing mature larvae of L.ensator. This is discussed in the context of the possibility of releasing A.nigrocincta as an additional biological control agent of the European apple sawfly.

Highlights

INTRODUCTION o(HfTyamhpepelneEouportroecrphaea:ardTnsenafptehperdleeidnigsnaiwdexafecly)lu,issHivuoenpliyvloooclnatimnaeppapalnedtefsartuupidtrliiemntesaa.ryIKnptlreuosgt duced from Europe into Long Island, New York, in 1939, Hbale.lct,tehCsetauandpainpdelaea-ingwr1oa9sw7di9nisg(cPoaavrreeaardseidso, ff1o9trh8ti0hs)epafrniordvstilnatitcmeere(sVpinriensacodeuntthht re&orungMQhaouiuelt loux, 1988)
AND DISCUSSION unTpahrearseitwizaesdnhoosstisgnainfidcahnotstdsifcfoenretanicneinbgetawneeegngthoef aLc.ceenpstaantocreboyf Hhsofe1eegov5.megs.i3pttaFesoolsiSesf(gtDisMuL.tid.ooa1imnnefnAneinAn)bas-..yaWA(ontnAorhip.gri=Lptrnanl.oein3ecged0yirsnn)oas2Ucwacw4t-ita.ftnoh4elrcyes(.±tnyta;c2F,oo1Ue=ccv3m5oo.i502pnoa.=ot2lnmaes9si2iin;tA6ntiehn.5dd(ag;fnnthP=iiwg=enar>e1o2lh;rt5c0eohPi).syn0ntic5s>onlt)ata.cru0voaV.nt0ancopi5ectoraa;etkroiupnanaft2sielnei=7ldtygii.t0zh7faeao0e±ldnrr,l of the hosts that received an egg of A. nigrocincta produced viable offspring of the cocoon parasitoid, whether the host was previously parasitized by the larval parasitoid or not
A. nigrocincta in an unparasitized host died before emergence

Summary

Introduction

INTRODUCTION o(HfTyamhpepelneEouportroecrphaea:ardTnsenafptehperdleeidnigsnaiwdexafecly)lu,issHivuoenpliyvloooclnatimnaeppapalnedtefsartuupidtrliiemntesaa.ryIKnptlreuosgt duced from Europe into Long Island, New York, in 1939, Hbale.lct,tehCsetauandpainpdelaea-ingwr1oa9sw7di9nisg(cPoaavrreeaardseidso, ff1o9trh8ti0hs)epafrniordvstilnatitcmeere(sVpinriensacodeuntthht re&orungMQhaouiuelt loux, 1988). MATERIAL AND METHODS Culture of hosts and parasitoids mthApwpfEioicesss(hnnr1iaenialoumotpeaaoasf.wprsost3erelmpsnUsaaaetiefstcoelsadrratiltenltcioacggfyep)acrtspohtrioeederptoenacwohltygdwimlludarbgordesle.gaharneetyoosavyOsasecLdprosnvpiasnelrto.earntsweiapeecdiciorredtzp)tloleaheewneo.eatnlnsdaarahasdtiieestUrlanmwneotcraladroyeoohdyesrienisteiincctwodcofcpdpaahseiesfrsrisasrrneationooattsioirvdsgpoowrlrnsaawryedmoprScresaeetawleofiwddsoteedrvttiroptaehidnieiwhiszareybtusestieezetohineaucnnibed(dblw2egaorEddmosrllretn0lcelceerufaeoaeaana°odtrslrxnirwhnsyeCgtctnooppdihe-dnencfneh.peeancrnieiihdsoepeaArorfanosad.ieaaisdsa,un.tcmrcifctstnornFgdosraetikanaeoohgthotroaseonipsniGnumanpgriododiatttttsspdrnseidihrtSazlowlrachfoaeecwfem2woceoseoireodii5gnrlocsfirirantclln*gtaieeumenoychzpzpwxtc,lcyteoeeoatsowlpattufragndlruaishnlelaioarsetusnsyawnederrbstnrpmniviwliieaymiscboeattJdawnsiienurelreoseutoavngacrc.dnhminonsceysaftnaoeeeesbtkeLlnsmdadsoiteblin1a1aipip.acswfemnoyoi9rd9ptraanvvaAn9tve9velrleheeaabeLl6rrl7eaarlyyddneeses-..rll. Khllaioesbphnoteerdyastiaonnrogydnly.wAiaanptlelpPrlefeaetrdmi sladialbiwesihtfuplemyasr.a(9cs4iotcomoidomsn)suasteadn2d0f°oCrmaaenxindpteapririnomevdeindtesidnwwetihrthee Experimental design JfSeuemlWpytaeel1me9sinb9ove7rne, s1ehti9xog9psa7ett,ercidemoxctephoneeotrnioms1v)etihpnoaotrts2aiet)i.imothFnaeotrbruercbehooantlvhtaairoidvnuaaertdeoosfafaLAs.ci.noegnnnlitesgraoretologcgrgirno(c(2u1tnpasdt mutohnfaapftteaeamrdafasaelinemtisdzaewludeasehshdaopdsrotopnvoalinysdeseeodwdnwecteehi.ktrhoApuurlgnilohpfraethrtmoaesatiplhterieszeeoewdvxiephpreooerssitmipst.rieooFnnveti.mdpTeeadrolieowsednwist(huseerreeea wrB9i.eae0dbe0keoansundotdrleidni1e8(trlh.,0oe0n2gl0hae0.bv0oOi)tr,nyatao1islsrltycJafuue.lnmytdwateeolremsnmpaoewturneartrthauelsr)le.bigewEhtxwat pseceoe2rn3nimd±tiewtin0oot.n5s s°awCnbedeartenwtdhceraoeernne h2idnnarddaniwdSvlaeiidlpnutgoeamfltitmbfheeeemr o(a2tvl1iemip±peoas0fir.rta5oos°rmiC)to.rfiediSrcssiontirgndcloeePndhetaoftrocsitrt wdcailoisltchhfoeeostmhne(sa9l4hwesoemsrttehmuao)tnftfaaielcnrtdweudaittlhhtloye ttylcoc1rhaoo2n6eia-ccedLattooetmwsooaa:tcnnnee8c(,senDaeetktsfph.gsrteigEoaeta.fmdmlwntaeFdetoarwtrrsreopgehrmaraemiewrncbjaehcee2isrnecrgi7nettoei-eoomz3nsdfatc7AioAtaeai.r.olfehhnendndoamiaigdgsdatartatralocote2csececsoe0siaitnc.ns)w±oc.ecAtodetHa0an.rf.eta5eewTwn°mrthdCaeaelfesss,iertnmog8neag5dbeunadsmtal±iefelmowbrysv1resee0eelrsreed%defawotcdufderhatshirfhisiee,lnesoymaegcf.nhcoaAtttdolmhheesldeeaslt pdaartaedcouuslidngnotthbeennoonr-mpaarlaizmedetbriyc trManasnfno-rWmahtiitonne.y U-test because RESULTS AND DISCUSSION unTpahrearseitwizaesdnhoosstisgnainfidcahnotstdsifcfoenretanicneinbgetawneeegngthoef aLc.ceenpstaantocreboyf Hhsofe1eegov5.megs.i3pttaFesoolsiSesf(gtDisMuL.tid.ooa1imnnefnAneinAn)bas-..yaWA(ontnAorhip.gri=Lptrnanl.oein3ecged0yirsnn)oas2Ucwacw4t-ita.ftnoh4elrcyes(.±tnyta;c2F,oo1Ue=ccv3m5oo.i502pnoa.=ot2lnmaes9si2iin;tA6ntiehn.5dd(ag;fnnthP=iiwg=enar>e1o2lh;rt5c0eohPi).syn0ntic5s>onlt)ata.cru0voaV.nt0ancopi5ectoraa;etkroiupnanaft2sielnei=7ldtygii.t0zh7faeao0e±ldnrr,l of the hosts that received an egg of A. nigrocincta produced viable offspring of the cocoon parasitoid, whether the host was previously parasitized by the larval parasitoid or not.

Results

Conclusion