Factors that promote or hinder physical activity participation in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Abstract

espanolDiferentes estudios con pacientes de cancer colorrectal han demostrado que el ejercicio fisico tiene efectos fisicos y psicosociales positivos. Sin embargo, la mayoria de pacientes no cumple los criterios de actividad fisica recomendados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar, a traves de una revision sistematica de la literatura, los factores asociados con la practica de actividad fisica en pacientes con cancer colorrectal. Para ello se realizo una busqueda en las bases de datos WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS y SPORTDISCUS hasta febrero de 2016. Tras el proceso de seleccion, se retuvieron 23 articulos a texto completo. Los resultados permitieron identificar cuatro grandes categorias de factores relacionados con la practica de actividad fisica en esta poblacion: factores sociodemograficos, factores de salud (especificos y no especificos de la enfermedad), preferencias y experiencias previas, y factores motivacionales. Entre los resultados obtenidos, cabe destacar que la comorbilidad y la recepcion de terapia adyuvante (con sus correspondientes efectos secundarios como Physical activity in patients with colorectal cancer © Psy, Soc, & Educ, 2017, Vol. 9(2) 202 fatiga y nauseas), se relacionaron con una menor realizacion de actividad fisica. Variables como la actitud positiva, el apoyo familiar, la satisfaccion de las necesidades psicologicas basicas y la motivacion autodeterminada, se mostraron como facilitadores de la participacion en actividad fisica. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados, es necesario desarrollar programas de actividad fisica ajustados a las caracteristicas particulares de esta poblacion y basados en estrategias motivacionales que favorezcan la adherencia a la practica. EnglishDifferent studies of patients with colorectal cancer have shown that physical activity has positive physical and psychosocial effects. However, most patients do not comply with the recommended criteria of physical activity. The aim of the present study was to analyze, by means of a systematic review of the literature, the factors associated with physical activity participation in patients with colorectal cancer. For this purpose, we conducted a search in the databases WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS and SPORTDISCUS up to February of 2016. After the selection process, 23 full-text articles were retained. The results allowed identifying four large categories of factors related to physical activity participation in this population: sociodemographic factors, health factors(specific and nonspecific to the disease), prior experience and preferences, and motivational factors. Among the results obtained, comorbidity and the receiptof adjuvant therapy (with its corresponding side effects, such as fatigue and nausea) were related to less physical activity. Variables such as positive attitude, family support, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and self-determined motivation were shown to be facilitators of physical activity. Taking into account these results, it is necessary to develop programs of physical activity adapted to the particular characteristics of this population and based on motivational strategies that promote adherence to physical activity.