Factors that interfere with immediate return to activity following volar locking plate fixation for distal radius fractures.

Abstract

In the present study, the clinical findings that interfere with the immediate return to activity following volar locking plate (VLP) fixation for distal radius fractures were investigated. A total of 95 patients who underwent VLP fixation for distal radius fracture between July, 2014 and January, 2022 were divided into a good group (good score and outcome; n=86; 22 males and 64 females; median age, 61 years) and a poor group (poor score and outcome; n=8; 8 females; median age, 63.6 years) according to the quartiles of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (Q-DASH) score, at 1 month following VLP fixation. The duration from injury to surgery, the direction of fracture dislocation and radiographic parameters [radial inclination (RI), volar tilt (VT) and ulnar variance (UV)] at the time of injury were examined. Radiographic parameters (RI, VT and UV), the range of motion of the wrist joint, grip strength ratio and visual analog scale (VAS) at 1 month following VLP fixation were also examined. These parameters were compared among both groups. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether these factors were independently associated with a poor Q-DASH score at 1 month following VLP fixation. At the time of injury, fracture displacement was significantly higher in the poor group (VT, -23.8˚; UV, 4.2 mm) than the good group (VT, -6.5˚; P=0.02; UV, 1.3 mm; P=0.01). No differences in the other parameters were observed between the groups. At 1 month following VLP fixation, the grip strength ratio (17.2%) in the poor group was significantly lower than that in the good group (43.8%, P<0.001), while the VAS score (5.6) in the poor group was significantly higher than that in the good group (2.4, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that VT and UV at injury (P<0.05), grip strength ratio (P<0.001) and pain (VAS score) (P<0.001) were all independently associated with a poor Q-DASH score. On the whole, the present study suggests that large amounts of fracture displacement, weakness of grip strength and post-operative pain can be factors interfering with the return to activity immediately following VLP fixation.