Factors that influence quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Purpose To study the factors which may contribute to quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) in Saudi Arabia. Methods 175 pwMS and 71 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. QOL was studied by the multiple sclerosis quality of life-54 (MSQOL-54) while depression, disability, and fatigue were measured by the beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and the modified fatigue impact scale (MFIS), respectively. The effects of demographic and clinical characteristics on MSQOL-54 were studied. Results QOL was worse in pwMS. A better QOL in pwMS was linked to being male, having relapsing-remitting MS, having lower BMI, being employed, having a low disability, having no or minimal depression, and not fatigued. Age, disease duration, marital status, living status, and level of education did not affect the QOL. QOL showed a moderate to strong correlation with depression and fatigue and a weak correlation with EDSS. Depression and fatigue were the strongest predictors of QOL. Other predictors included gender and BMI but not EDSS. Conclusions Many of the factors which seem to influence QOL in pwMS are modifiable. Evaluation and management of such factors may improve QOL in pwMS. Implications for rehabilitation Assessment of QOL (using a proper tool) should be part of every pwMS evaluation. Depression and fatigue are the main predictors of QOL in pwMs, therefore, attention should be paid for their evaluation and management. Sexual dysfunction and pain should be assessed and managed early in the course of the disease