Abstract
Advocates for a One Health approach recognize that global health challenges require multidisciplinary collaborative efforts. While past publications have looked at interdisciplinary competency training for collaboration, few have identified the factors and conditions that enable operational One Health. Through a scoping review of the literature, a multidisciplinary team of researchers analyzed peer-reviewed publications describing multisectoral collaborations around infectious disease-related health events. The review identified 12 factors that support successful One Health collaborations and a coordinated response to health events across three levels: two individual factors (education & training and prior experience & existing relationships), four organizational factors (organizational structures, culture, human resources and, communication), and six network factors (network structures, relationships, leadership, management, available & accessible resources, political environment). The researchers also identified the stage of collaboration during which these factors were most critical, further organizing into starting condition or process-based factors. The research found that publications on multisectoral collaboration for health events do not uniformly report on successes or challenges of collaboration and rarely identify outputs or outcomes of the collaborative process. This paper proposes a common language and framework to enable more uniform reporting, implementation, and evaluation of future One Health collaborations.
Highlights
Ongoing and emerging health challenges such as infectious disease epidemics, bioterrorism, antimicrobial resistance, and natural disasters require a coordinated response from a highly diverse, collaborative, and trained health workforce
A One Health approach recognizes that complex health challenges are beyond the purview of any one sector or discipline working in isolation [5] and that a resilient health workforce must be capable of effective and collaborative prevention and detection of, as well as response to emerging health challenges
Most articles addressed health events in Europe/Eurasia (25%), the Americas (25%), and Asia (23%)
Summary
Ongoing and emerging health challenges such as infectious disease epidemics, bioterrorism, antimicrobial resistance, and natural disasters require a coordinated response from a highly diverse, collaborative, and trained health workforce. The subsequent decades which were marked by unprecedented global interconnectedness and human mobility [9] were associated with threats to global health security, including manmade threats, such as the use of anthrax as a bioweapon, and emerging diseases like SARS and avian influenza. These challenges necessitated the need for a more formal coordinated action from countries, regions, and the global health community at large to address such health threats
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