Factors shaping the content in the definition and species characterization of sanctions in public international law

Abstract

In modern conditions, international legal sanctions continue to be the most important manifestation of coercion in interstate relations, playing a primary role in the protection of international law and order, as they are used by subjects of international law to respond to international violations, if necessary.
 International legal sanctions have become an important instrument of international relations used to ensure the implementation of international law, resolve conflicts and establish order in the world. This article examines the various types of international legal sanctions, their mechanisms of application and potential challenges faced by the international community.
 The institution of international legal sanctions is a special law enforcement and law enforcement institution. It performs the function of enforcing the correction of the mechanism of international legal regulation when, as a result of an international offense, changes occur in its normal functioning and the restoration of international legal order is not possible or cannot be ensured by means of exclusively conciliatory (voluntary) means of procedural settlement. The institution of international legal sanctions is closely related to the institution of international legal responsibility. The specificity of the relationship lies in the fact that international legal sanctions are applied only to the offending entity that resists the voluntary fulfillment of its obligations to eliminate the harmful consequences of an international offense, and are ultimately aimed at reaching an agreement between the entities applying international legal sanctions and the offending entity.
 The application of international legal sanctions involves an active role of international organizations, in particular the United Nations. The decision to impose sanctions is made by consensus or voting in cases of systemic violations of international law or threats to international security.
 Although international legal sanctions are considered to be an important tool in the regulation of international relations, there are challenges that require increased attention.
 The article systematizes the types of international legal sanctions, including economic, military and diplomatic sanctions. The author highlights their focus on states, groups or individuals, as well as the mechanisms for their introduction and lifting. In particular, the author examines the effectiveness and possible negative consequences of sanctions for the population and economy of the targeted countries.
 Special attention may be paid to the interaction of international legal sanctions with other instruments of international politics, such as diplomacy, negotiations and peacekeeping measures.